T3: Daily Grammar Tool Sharpening
  • Grade 9
    • Unit 1: Vocabulary >
      • #1 Synonyms, Antonyms, Homonyms
      • #2 Prefixes, Roots and Suffixes
      • #3 Contractions
      • #4 Compound Words
      • #5 Connotation and Denotation
      • #6 Idioms
    • Unit 2: Parts of Speech >
      • Parts of Speech Grammar Review Game
    • Unit 3: Sentences >
      • Subjects and Predicates
      • Direct Objects
      • Indirect Objects
      • Subject Complements
      • Types of Sentences
      • Independent and Subordinate Clauses
      • #9 Commonly Confused Words
      • Sentence Fragments
      • Run-On Sentences
      • Comma Splice Errors
    • Unit 4: Punctuation >
      • Capitalization
      • End Punctuation
      • Commas
      • Quotation Marks
      • Punctuating Dialogue
      • Apostrophes
      • Dashes
      • Hyphens
      • Semicolons
      • Colons
      • Parentheses
      • Elipsis Points
  • Grade 10
    • Unit 1: Vocabulary >
      • #1 Greek and Latin Word Origins
      • #2 Prefixes & Suffixes
      • #3 Homophones
      • #4 Idioms
      • #5 Colloquialisms and Slang
      • #6 Connotation and Denotation
      • #7 Figurative Language
      • Lesson #8 Symbols
    • Unit 2: Parts of Speech >
      • Nouns
      • SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
      • Verbs
      • Basic Verb Tenses
      • Subject-Verb Agreement
      • Active and Passive Voice
      • Pronouns and Antecedents
      • Lesson 8: Personal Pronouns
      • Lesson #9: Relative and Reflexive Pronouns
      • Lesson #10: Using Who/Whom
      • Lesson 11: Adjectives
      • Lesson 12: Comparing with Adjectives
      • Lesson 13: Adverbs
      • Lesson 14: Comparing with Adverbs
    • Unit 3: Sentences >
      • # 11 Identifying Types of Sentences
      • Natural Order and Inverted Order Sentences
      • Sentence Fragments
      • Run-On Sentences and Comma Splice Errors
    • Unit 4: Punctuation >
      • #1 Using Capital Letters
      • #2 Using End Punctuation
      • #3 Commas
      • #4 Punctuating Quotations
      • #5 Quotation Marks, Italics, and Underlining
      • #6 Apostrophes
      • #7 Dashes and Parentheses
      • #8 Hyphens
      • # 9 Semicolons and Colons
  • Grade 11
    • Unit 1: Vocabulary >
      • #1 Origins
      • #2 Morphemes
      • #3 Standard and Non-Standard English
      • #4 Canadian Spelling
      • #5 Denotation & Connotation
      • #6 Figurative Language
      • #7 Academic and Literary Vocabulary
      • #8 Clichés, Jargon, and Redundant Language
      • #9 Commonly Confused Words
    • Unit 2 >
      • Sentence Fragments
      • Run-On Sentences & Comma Splice Errors
    • Unit 3 >
      • Types of Sentences
    • Unit 4: Punctuation >
      • #1 Commas
      • #2 Punctuating Quotations
      • #3 Punctuating Titles
      • #4 Apostrophes
      • #5 Dashes and Parentheses
      • #6 Hyphens
      • #7 Semicolons & Colons
  • Grade 12
    • Unit 1: VOCABULARY >
      • Word Origins
      • Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
      • Standard and Non-Standard English
      • Canadian Spelling
      • Denotation and Connotation
      • Figurative Language
      • Clichés
      • Redundant Language
      • Commonly Confused Words
    • Unit 2: Parts of Speech >
      • Nouns
      • Verbs
      • Tenses
      • Verbals
      • Adjectives and Adverbs
      • Prepositions
      • Modifiers
      • Parallel Structure
    • Unit 3: Sentences >
      • Subject and Predicates >
        • Continued Simple Subjects and Predicates
        • Con't Compound Subjects and Predicates
      • Direct Objects
      • Indirect Objects
      • Subject Complement
      • Phrases and Clauses
      • Independent and Subordinate Clauses
      • Sentence Structure
      • Co-ordination and Subordination
      • Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Elements
      • Sentence Variety
      • Sentence Fragments
      • Run-on Sentences and Comma Splice Errors
    • Unit 4: Punctuation >
      • Comma
      • Semicolons and Colons
      • Parentheses and Dashes
      • Punctuating Quotations
      • Ellipses AND Square Brackets
      • Punctuating Titles
      • Apostrophes
      • Hyphens
  • Workplace/OLC
    • Unit 1: Vocabulary >
      • Lesson 1: Root Words
      • Lesson 2: Prefixes/Suffixes
      • Lesson 3: Synonyms/Antonyms
      • Lesson 4: Slang and Jargon
      • Lesson 5: Standard English
      • Lesson 6: Formal or Informal Language?
      • Lesson 7: Similes
      • Lesson 8: Metaphors
      • Lesson 9: Personification
      • Lesson 10: Borrowed Words
    • Unit 2 : Spelling, Capitalization, Punctuation >
      • Lesson 1:Spelling
      • Lesson 2: End Punctuation
      • Lesson 3: Commas
      • Lesson 4: Colons and Semi Colons

Co-ordination and Subordination 

Learning Goal: In this lesson, students learn how to use coordination and subordination to effectively join sentences; having a variety of different sentence lengths is one of the key ways to improve fluency in one's writing.
Picture
Sentence Combining: Coordination and Subordination

Sentence variety is one important aspect of writing. Two ways you can successfully combine short sentences is by subordination or coordination. Correctly done, your ideas will flow smoothly.

An independent clause is a group of words that can stand alone as a sentence. Join two of these together with a comma and one of the following coordinating conjunctions:

for - gives a reason, e.g., I like going to school, for the classes are not too difficult.

and - adds a fact or condition, e.g., I like going to school, and I like many of the teachers.

nor - means not. Remember to invert the word order following this conjunction, e.g., I am not going out, nor am I going to lie down to rest.

but - shows a contrast, e.g., I want to go out and have fun, but I don't want to be out too late.

or - gives a choice of alternatives, e.g., We could go to a movie, or we could go for a walk.

yet - like "but", this word also shows a contrast, e.g. I want to go out with my friends, yet I noticed there's a really good movie on TV tonight.

so - gives a result, similar in use to "therefore", e.g., It's raining out, so I will take an umbrella.

The above coordinating conjunctions make an acronym: fanboys. An acronym is a word made up of the first letters of others words. "Fanboys" is an easy way to remember these seven coordinating conjunctions.

Subordinating conjunctions also join ideas together. But where fanboys joins two equal clauses together, subordinating conjunctions impose a different relationship, making one clause dependent on the other. There are many different subordinating conjunctions. Some of the most common are as follows:

if, even if, provided that - gives a condition, e.g., I will go with you if you need some help.

although, even though, though - gives contrast, e.g., Although you need help, I am too busy tomorrow morning to go with you.

because, since - show cause, e.g., I will cancel my appointment tomorrow morning and go with you since you really need some help.

after, before, when, whenever, while - give a time, e.g. I am going shopping after I leave you downtown tomorrow.

where, wherever - show place, e.g., We can go whenever you'd like to. in order that, so that - show purpose, e.g., I am going to class so that I can ask the teacher what will be on the test.

More info on coordination and subordination from OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab

Practice: Using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, rewrite the following paragraphs for better sentence variety.

Paragraph 1

I am going to the gym. I need to take the bus. My car has broken down. I am going to put my runners, shorts, swimsuit, a towel and a top into my bag. I will jog to the bus stop. It will be part of the my workout. I will get to the gym by 11 am. I will do the bike for 15 minutes. I will lift weights for 30 minutes. I'll stretch for 10 minutes. I will go into the pool. I will go into the hot tub. I will go into the sauna several times. I will get changed. I will go home.

Paragraph 2

I went shopping yesterday. I was having friends for dinner. I needed a big roast of beef, two chickens, and twelve dinner rolls. I also bought two heads of romaine lettuce, cherry tomatoes, green pepper, celery, radishes, an orange and fresh garlic. I added baking potatoes, fresh baby carrots, snow peas, corn niblets, and cauliflower. I stopped by the florist. I picked up two bunches of deep red roses, baby's breath, and some salal. I went to the bakery for a blueberry-chocolate cheese cake. I drove to my friend's to pick up a pair of beautiful pink-and-white beeswax candles. I was pleased with my purchases. I went home to cook and decorate for that evening's dinner.

Coordination Practice Quiz
Subordination Practice Quiz
Sources:  
http://palc.sd40.bc.ca/palc/feature/2007/sentencecombine.htm 
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.